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Have had、 had had的用法
一位讀者來信問:「 Have、 have had、 had has等詞怎麼用?」按英文沒有 had has這說法,只有 have、 have had、 had had。
Have文法上可以做主要動詞( main verb),可譯做「吃」、「喝」、「有」等等,例如 I have(= eat) lunch in a nearby restaurant every Friday(我每個星期五都在鄰近一家餐廳吃飯)、 I had(= ate) lunch with her yesterday(我昨天和她一起吃午飯)。
Have也可以做輔助動詞( auxiliary verb),有「已經完成(某事)」、「做過(某事)」等含義,其後的主要動詞必須用完成式( perfect tense)。例如問人家是不是已經吃了午飯,「已經」的含義可用輔助動詞 have表達,「吃」的意思則可用主要動詞 have表達,但須改為完成式 had,即: Have you had(= eaten) your lunch?假如已經吃了午飯,你可以說: Yes, I have had(= have eaten) my lunch。
至於 had had,文法結構和 have had一樣,即「輔助動詞+主要動詞」,只是現在完成式變了做過去完成式。"I have had(= have eaten) my lunch," he said這一句,改用間接語法( indirect speech),就須用 had had: He said he had had(= had eaten) his lunch。
我想,多數讀者都會懂得 have eaten、 had eaten的用法,但未必都懂 have had、 had had,主要原因,是 have一字兩用,令人困惑。其實,它們的文法結構和 have eaten、 had eaten沒有分別,只是英文很少用 eat字說吃早餐、午餐等。
古德明 (Apple Daily)
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